闭经的原因有哪些?What are the causes of amenorrhea?

陈凤林教授指出：闭经的病因如下：Professor Chen Fenglin pointed out that the causes of amenorrhea are as follows:

1.疾病

主要包括消耗性疾病，如重度肺结核、严重贫血、营养不良等，特有的内分泌疾病，如"肥胖生殖无能性营养不良病"等;体内一些内分泌系乱的影响，如肾上腺、甲关腺、胰腺等功能紊乱。

1. diseases

It mainly includes consumptive diseases, such as severe tuberculosis, severe anemia, malnutrition and other endocrine diseases, such as "obese reproductive dystrophy". Some endocrine disorders in the body, such as adrenal, thyroid, pancreas and other functional disorders.

2.生殖道下段闭锁

如子宫颈、阴道、处女膜、阴唇等处，有一部分先天性闭锁，或后天损伤造成粘连性闭锁，虽然有月经，但经血不能外流。这种情况称为隐性或假性闭经。

2. Atresia of lower genital tract

If cervix, vagina, hymen, labia and other places, there are some congenital atresia, or acquired injury caused by adhesive atresia, although there is menstruation, but blood can not flow out. This condition is called recessive or pseudoamenorrhea.

3.生殖器官不健全或发育不良

有些先天性无卵巢，或卵巢发育不良，不能产生雌激素和孕激素，因此子宫内膜不能发生周期性的变化，也就不会出现子宫内膜脱落，所以也就没有月经来潮。也有的先天性无子宫，或子宫内膜发育不良，或子宫内膜损伤，即使卵巢功能健全，雌激素和孕激素的分泌正常，也不会来月经。

3. Insufficient or dysplasia of reproductive organs

Some congenital ovaries, or ovarian dysplasia, can not produce estrogen and progesterone, so the endometrium can not occur periodic changes, it will not occur endometrial exfoliation, so there is no menstruation. There are also congenital no uterus, or endometrial dysplasia, or endometrial damage, even if the ovarian function is sound, the secretion of estrogen and progesterone is normal, will not menstruate.

4.结核性子宫内膜炎

由于结核菌侵入子宫内膜，使子宫内膜发炎，并受到不同程度的破坏，最后出现瘢痕组织，而造成闭经。

4. Tuberculous endometritis

Because tuberculosis invades the endometrium, the endometrium is inflamed and destroyed to varying degrees. Finally, scar tissue appears, which causes amenorrhea.

5.脑垂体或下丘脑功能不正常

脑垂体能分泌促性腺激素。促性腺激素有调节卵巢功能和维持月经的作用。如果脑垂体的功能失调，就会影响促性腺激素的分泌，进面影响卵巢的功能，卵巢功能不正常就会引起闭经。另外，下丘脑功能不正常也会引起闭经。引起下丘脑功能失调的原因很多，如精神刺激、悲伤忧虑、恐惧不安、紧张劳累，以及环境改变、寒冷刺激等。由下丘脑引起的闭经比较多见。

5. dysfunction of pituitary or hypothalamus

The pituitary gland secretes gonadotropins. Gonadotropin can regulate ovarian function and maintain menstruation. If the pituitary function is disordered, it will affect the secretion of gonadotropin and the function of ovaries. Abnormal ovarian function will cause amenorrhea. In addition, dysfunction of hypothalamus can also cause amenorrhea. There are many causes of hypothalamic dysfunction, such as mental stimulation, sadness, anxiety, fear, tension and fatigue, as well as environmental changes, cold stimulation and so on. Amenorrhea caused by hypothalamus is more common.