葡萄胎与葡萄有关系吗?Is hydatidiform mole related to hydatidiform mole?

陈凤林教授指出：葡萄胎即怀孕后绒毛滋养细胞增生，间质水肿，形成大小不一的水泡，形如葡萄，有良恶之分。Professor Chen Fenglin pointed out that hydatidiform mole is the proliferation of villous trophoblasts after pregnancy, interstitial edema, forming blisters of different sizes, like grapes, there are good and bad.

葡萄胎分为两类：Hydatidiform moles fall into two categories:

①完全性葡萄胎 胎盘绒毛全部受累，整个宫腔充满水泡，弥漫性滋养细胞增生，无胎儿及胚胎组织可见;

(1) Complete hydatidiform mole placenta villi were all involved, the whole uterine cavity was filled with blisters, diffuse trophoblastic proliferation, no fetus and embryo tissue were seen;

②部分性葡萄胎 部分胎盘绒毛肿胀变性，局部滋养细胞增生，胚胎及胎儿组织可见，但胎儿多死亡，有时可见较孕龄小的活胎或畸胎，极少有足月婴诞生。

(2) In partial hydatidiform mole, some placenta villi are swollen and degenerated, local trophoblasts proliferate, embryos and fetal tissues are visible, but fetuses die more often, sometimes live fetuses or teratoids of younger gestational age are visible, and very few full-term infants are born.

葡萄胎清宫后间隔一年以上发生的，亦诊断为绒癌。Hydatidiform mole occurs more than one year after uterine curettage and is also diagnosed as choriocarcinoma.

绒毛膜癌是一种高度恶性的肿瘤，继发于葡萄胎、流产或足月分娩以后。少数可发生于异位妊娠后，多为生育年龄妇女。偶尔发生于未婚妇女的卵巢称为原发性绒毛膜癌。治疗以化疗为主，手术为辅。

Choriocarcinoma is a highly malignant neoplasm secondary to hydatidiform mole, miscarriage or full-term delivery. A few cases may occur after ectopic pregnancy, most of them are women of reproductive age. Occasionally occurring in unmarried women's ovaries is called primary choriocarcinoma. Chemotherapy is the main treatment and surgery is the supplement.

葡萄胎怀孕早期表现类似于先兆流产。部分人出血大，严重者有生命危险。葡萄胎于增生的滋养细胞产生大量HCG，因此呕吐往往比正常妊娠为重。有些孕妇直接在阴道排出物中见到水泡样组织。临床经阴道四维彩超+电化学发光血HCG+X光可确诊。治疗主要是手术结合化疗，严重病例需子宫切除术。

Early pregnancy of hydatidiform mole is similar to threatened miscarriage. Some people suffer from massive bleeding, and serious cases are life-threatening. Hydatidiform mole produces a lot of HCG in the proliferating trophoblast, so vomiting is often more serious than normal pregnancy. Some pregnant women directly see vesicular tissue in vaginal discharge. Clinical diagnosis can be confirmed by transvaginal four-dimensional color Doppler ultrasound + electrochemiluminescent blood HCG + X-ray. Surgery combined with chemotherapy is the main treatment, and hysterectomy is necessary for severe cases.