卵巢囊肿肿会导致什么后果?What are the consequences of ovarian cyst swelling?

卵巢囊肿的并发症有哪些：陈凤林教授指出：卵巢囊肿常见的病发症有蒂扭转，破裂、感染、癌变。具体的卵巢囊肿并发症类别如下：What are the complications of ovarian cysts: Professor Chen Fenglin pointed out that the common symptoms of ovarian cysts are pedicle torsion, rupture, infection and canceration. The specific types of complications of ovarian cysts are as follows:

1、感染：较少见，多继发于肿瘤蒂扭转或破裂等。主要症状有发热、腹痛、白细胞升高及不同程度腹膜炎。应积极控制感染，择期手术探查。

1. Infection: rare, secondary to tumour pedicle torsion or rupture. The main symptoms were fever, abdominal pain, elevated white blood cells and peritonitis in different degrees. Infection should be actively controlled and selective surgical exploration should be carried out.

2、腹水：腹水可以并发于良性或恶性，囊性或突发性，完整的或破裂的卵巢瘤。腹水呈淡黄色、黄绿色，或带红色甚至为明显的血性;有时由于混有粘液或其他瘤内容物而混浊。 腹水多伴发于恶性卵巢囊肿，尤其是有腹膜种植或转移者。腹水发生与肿瘤之恶性程度成正比，腹水最多伴发于实质性原发癌，占75%。腹水亦可发生于并无蒂扭转、坏死或炎性变化的良性肿瘤。

Ascites: Ascites can be concurrent with benign or malignant, cystic or sudden, complete or ruptured ovarian tumors. Ascites is yellowish, yellowish-green, or reddish or even markedly bloody; sometimes it is cloudy due to the presence of mucus or other tumor contents. Ascites is often associated with malignant ovarian cysts, especially those with peritoneal implantation or metastasis. The occurrence of ascites is directly proportional to the malignant degree of the tumors, and ascites is most often associated with solid primary cancer, accounting for 75%. Ascites can also occur in benign tumors without pedicle torsion, necrosis or inflammatory changes.

3、腹膜外生长：有些卵巢瘤在其生长过程中一部或大部向腹膜后深埋，大多进入同侧阔韧带内，使子宫移位;逐渐发展，更可使乙状结肠、直肠、膀胱、输尿管移位，并使之受压，产生各脏器的压迫症状，如排尿、排便障硬，腰腹痛，下肢水肿;有的甚至可进至肾脏周围，引起肾盂积水。

3. Extraperitoneal growth: Some ovarian tumors are buried deep into the retroperitoneum in the course of their growth, mostly in the ipsilateral broad ligament, causing uterine displacement; Gradually, they can make sigmoid colon, rectum, bladder and ureter shift, and make them compressed, resulting in compressive symptoms of various organs, such as urination, hard defecation, low back and abdominal pain, lower limb edema; Some can even reach the kidney. Around, cause hydronephrosis.

4、卵巢囊肿蒂扭转：较常见，为妇科急腹症之一。多见于瘤蒂长，中等大小、活动度大、重心偏向一侧的囊性肿瘤，多发生在体位急骤变动时、妊娠早期或产后。蒂扭转后，由于肿瘤静脉回流受阻，引起充血，呈紫褐色，甚至血管破裂出血。可因动脉阻塞致肿瘤发生坏死、感染。急性蒂扭转时，患者突然发生下腹剧烈疼痛，严重时可伴恶心、呕吐，甚至休克。检查时患侧腹壁肌紧张，压痛显着，肿块张力较大。一经确诊后，应立即手术切除肿瘤。术时勿将扭转之蒂转回，宜在蒂扭转部近侧钳夹切断，防止血栓脱落进入血循环。

4. Ovarian cyst pedicle torsion: more common, one of gynecological acute abdomen. Most of them are cystic tumors with long pedicle, medium size, high mobility and one-sided center of gravity. Most of them occur in abrupt changes of posture, early pregnancy or postpartum. After torsion of pedicle, congestion, purple-brown or even blood vessel rupture and hemorrhage are caused by obstruction of venous reflux of tumors. Tumor necrosis and infection may occur due to arterial obstruction. When acute pedicle torsion occurs, the patient suddenly suffers from severe pain in the lower abdomen, which can be accompanied by nausea, vomiting and even shock. The muscles of the affected abdominal wall were tense, tenderness was significant, and the tension of the mass was large. Once confirmed, the tumors should be removed immediately. Do not turn the torsion pedicle back during the operation. The proximal clamp of the torsion pedicle should be cut off to prevent the thrombus from falling off and entering the blood circulation.

5、肿瘤破裂：可因囊壁缺血坏死或肿瘤侵蚀穿破囊壁引起自发性破裂;或因受挤压、分娩、妇科检查及穿刺致外伤性破裂。破裂后囊液流入腹腔，刺激腹膜，可引起剧烈腹痛、恶心、呕吐，甚至休克。检查时有腹壁紧张、压痛、反跳痛等腹腔刺激体征，原肿块缩小或消失。确诊后，应立即剖腹探查，切除囊肿，清洗腹膜。

5. Tumor rupture: spontaneous rupture may be caused by ischemic necrosis of the cystic wall or by erosion of the cystic wall; or traumatic rupture may be caused by compression, childbirth, gynecological examination and puncture. After rupture, cystic fluid flows into the abdominal cavity and stimulates the peritoneum, which can cause severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and even shock. During the examination, abdominal wall tension, tenderness, rebound pain and other abdominal irritation signs were observed, and the original mass was reduced or disappeared. After diagnosis, laparotomy, cyst removal and peritoneal cleaning should be performed immediately.

6、出血：在剖腹查中发现卵控查中发现卵巢囊瘤内有小量出血者为数不少，但不引起症状。偶有瘤内大量出血者，尤其是恶化肿瘤，则可产生如同瘤蒂扭转的症状。瘤蒂扭转或破裂可致腥腔内不等程度的出血，甚至引起休克。

6. Hemorrhage: A large number of patients with small amount of hemorrhage in ovarian cyst tumors were found in the egg control examination during the laparotomy, but no symptoms were found. Occasionally, patients with massive intratumoral hemorrhage, especially worsening tumors, may develop symptoms like pedicle torsion. Tumor pedicle torsion or rupture can cause varying degrees of intracavitary hemorrhage, and even shock.

7、卵巢囊肿恶性变：卵巢良性肿瘤恶变多发生于年龄较大尤其绝经后者，肿瘤在短期内迅速增大，患者感腹胀，食欲不振，检查肿瘤体积明显增大，固定，多有腹水。疑有恶性变者，应及时处理。

7. Malignant transformation of ovarian cysts: malignant transformation of benign ovarian tumors often occurs in older women, especially in menopausal women. Tumors rapidly increase in a short period of time. Patients feel abdominal distension and lack of appetite. Examination shows that the volume of the tumors is significantly increased, fixed, and more ascites. Those suspected of malignant transformation should be dealt with promptly.

8、水肿：囊肿主要为纤维瘤，可并发明显水肿，致使肿瘤体积急速增大，常易误诊为恶性肿瘤。

8. Edema: The cyst is mainly fibroma, which can be accompanied by marked edema, resulting in a rapid increase in the volume of the tumor, often misdiagnosed as malignant tumors.

9、嵌顿：小于胎儿头大的卵巢瘤，可被挤入子宫直肠窝，偶亦可被挤入子宫膀胱而引起排便或排尿障碍。

9. Incarceration: Ovarian tumors smaller than the head of the fetus can be squeezed into the uterine and rectal fossa, and occasionally into the uterus and bladder, resulting in defecation or urination disorders.