盆腔积液的病因有哪些?What are the causes of pelvic effusion?

陈凤林教授指出：妇科盆腔积液的病因可分为生理性和病理性。Professor Chen Fenglin pointed out that the etiology of gynecological pelvic effusion can be divided into physiological and pathological factors.

1生理性的盆腔积液：1. Physiological pelvic effusion:

①女性的盆腔通过输卵管伞与外部相通，正常生理情况下，腹膜会分泌一定的液体起到润滑脏器的作用，同时也含有白细胞和抗体起防御功能;

The pelvic cavity of women communicates with the outside through the fallopian tube umbrella. Under normal physiological conditions, the peritoneum secretes a certain amount of fluid to lubricate the organs, but also contains white blood cells and antibodies to play a defensive role.

②女性排卵后的卵泡液

(2) Follicular fluid after ovulation in women

③月经期少量经血经输卵管返流至盆腔;

(3) A small amount of blood returned to the pelvic cavity through the fallopian tube during menstruation;

④宫腔镜检查后的膨宫液，腹腔镜手术后的冲洗液

(4) Hydrocele after hysteroscopy and lavage after laparoscopic surgery

一般深度在3~5cm，女性经期和排卵期可能还要深一些，不用紧张，甚至B超医生都可以不报告。这些多可自然消失，不必进行治疗。

Generally, the depth is between 3 and 5 cm. Women's menstruation and ovulation may be deeper. They need not be nervous. Even B-mode ultrasound doctors can not report it. Most of these can disappear naturally without treatment.

2、病理性的盆腔积液：2. Pathological pelvic effusion:

① 多是盆腔炎附件炎或子宫内膜异位症引起的。盆腔炎附件炎的原因多与患者不良卫生习惯有关:经期、产褥期不洁性生活;妇科手术后洗盆浴等;人工流产、引产各种手术消毒不严引起的医源性感染。

Most of them are caused by pelvic inflammatory adnexitis or endometriosis. The causes of pelvic inflammatory adnexitis are mostly related to patients'bad hygienic habits: unclean sexual life during menstruation and puerperium; pelvic bath after gynecological surgery; iatrogenic infection caused by inadequate disinfection of miscarriage and induced labor.

② 也可能由结核或者肿瘤引起的。

(2) It may also be caused by tuberculosis or cancer.

③ 少数因宫外孕破裂、黄体破裂、盆腔脓肿、巧克力囊肿、卵巢癌、卵巢过度刺激综合症等引起。

(3) A few cases were caused by rupture of ectopic pregnancy, rupture of corpus luteum, pelvic abscess, chocolate cyst, ovarian cancer and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.

外科因素：肝脾破裂，胃肠穿孔，腹腔器官炎性渗出等

Surgical factors: rupture of liver and spleen, gastrointestinal perforation, inflammatory exudation of abdominal organs, etc.